Dr. Rothfeld has had outstanding results in the past 15 years for his patients.Please come in and consult with Dr.Rothfeld Board Certified Dermatologist at NYC Dermatology.Here is a new update on Dermatology and please enjoy our updated dictionary on Dermatology Medicine. Dr. Rothfeld, a board certified dermatologist at NYC Dermatology will always try to keep you current on the latest advancments in Medicine at the NIH in Bethesda, Maryland.
For years, scientists have been telling us that a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables is the key to long-lasting health. If you need even further motivation to start filling your meals with these wholesome foods, however, this may be it: The same foods that are great for your internal health can also do wonders for you skin. Vibrant, fresh, youthful-looking skin can be yours by eating certain kinds of unprocessed, nutrient-packed foods.
With so much emphasis being placed on cutting calories and dieting, it’s easy to miss out on nutrients that are important to the health of our skin. Fortunately, the foods that are good for your skin are also good for your waistline. And unlike diets that go in and out of style as rapidly as the latest fashion trends, the anti-age “diet” is not really a diet at all. Rather, it is a simple shift in the way you look at what you eat.
What Causes Skin to Age?
First, let’s take a look at the factors that cause our skin to age. The main enemies of youthful, vibrant skin are highly processed foods and exposure to harmful UV rays, which can lead to dryness, premature aging, wrinkles, clogged pores acne, and inflammation. Eating fried and processed foods can cause damage to skin cells while exposure to ultraviolet light from the sun instigates a process called oxidation, which is also very damaging to the skin. That’s why antioxidants, which destroy free radicals and repair cellular damage, are so good for your skin.
Fortunately, there are foods that slow down the aging process by preventing inflammation, protecting against oxidation damage from the sun, and promoting turnover of healthy skin cells. Please come and discuss your concerns with our nyc board certified dermatologist at NYC Dermatology Dr. Gary Rothfeld
Wedding Day Special Dr. Rothfeld, , has designed a total skin care program for the bride to be offering unique services starting with a detailed dermatologist consultation, advanced skin care product advice, and selective cosmetic dermatology procedures. Treatments offered include Botox® injections, chemical peels, microdermabrasion, injections for wrinkle filling and lip augmentation, and assorted laser treatments. We can work to clear back and décolletage skin for those planning on strapless wedding gowns. To optimize the appearance in wedding photos, we can reduce the depth of facial wrinkles, reduce acne and acne scars, and smooth out the lips and face. Areas covered in consultation with Dr. Rothfeld include: - Optimizing an at home skin care regimen.
- Reviewing what cosmetic dermatology treatments are best for you, and when to start having them?
- What to do to prevent blemishes in the weeks before the wedding and the day of?
- Dermatology tricks for those last minute blemishes.
- What you must absolutely avoid before the wedding.
- How to take care of chronically bad skin care problems?
- How to look picture perfect on your wedding day!
Whether you have years, months, or weeks until your big day, you need accurate and dermatology based information to take the best care of your complexion. Dr Rothfeld will provide both the education and options you have regarding treatments and products. At your initial consultation with Dr.Rothfeld, cosmetic dermatologist at NYC Dermatology you will review your skin concerns and he will examine you closely. You will discuss your current skin care regimen and product recommendations will be made. You will go home with a thorough suggested skin care program. This will consist of a step-by-step and month-by-month recommendations of product usage and cosmetic dermatology procedures to achieve perfect skin for your big day. |
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Stretch Marks Between 75 and 90% of women develop stretch marks to some degree during pregnancy. The sustained hormonal levels as a result of pregnancy usually means stretch marks may appear during the sixth or seventh month.
Many people believe that using oils or creams in high-risk areas (e.g. breasts, hips, abdomen, thighs) may help prepare the skin for stretching by giving the skin more flexibility.
Though cocoa butter is an effective moisturizer, no research studies have shown its ability to either prevent stretchmarks, or improve their appearance once a stretch mark has already formed.
Various treatments are available for the purpose of improving the appearance of existing stretch marks, including laser treatments, chemical peels, dermabrasion, and prescription retinoids. Few published studies exist for over-the-counter remedies, but two ingredients have shown early promise in clinical research-- darutoside and registril [Sederma Labs. Used daily for one month, they resulted in significant improvement in the appearance of a stretch mark's length, depth, and irregular surface area. One available product that contains both darutoside and registril is Stretchmark Minimizing Cream, from Belli Cosmetics.Some cream manufacturers claim the best results are achieved on recent stretch marks; however, few studies exist to support these claims.
A recent study in the journal "Dermatologic Surgery" has shown that radiofrequency combined with 585-nm pulsed dye laser treatment gave "good and very good" subjective improvement in stretch marks in 89.2% of 37 patients, although further studies will be required to follow up on these results. In addition, the use of a pulsed dye laser has shown to increase pigmentation in darker skinned individuals with repeated treatments.
A surgical procedure for removing lower abdominal stretch marks is the tummy tuck, which removes the skin below the navel where stretch marks frequently occur .But the tummy tuck can leave you with hypertrophic scars which could be flattened with intralesional steroid injections.
A new modality, fractional laser resurfacing, offers a novel approach to treating striae. Using scattered pulses of light only a fraction of the scar is zapped by the laser over the course of several treatments. This creates microscopic wounds and as such is a "no downtime" procedure. The body responds to each treatment by producing new collagen and epithelium. In a 2007 clinical trial, 5-6 treatments has resulted in striae improving by as much as 75 percent.I f you have any questions please contact the Doctor at NYC Dermatology by Board Certified Dermatologist Dr. Gary Rothfeld.
Breaking News on Hair Cloning
InterCytex has signed a licensing agreement with BioLife Solutions Inc., a leading developer and marketer of proprietary hypothermic storage and cryopreservation media products for cells and tissues.
Terms of the 10-year agreement include an intellectual property escrow provision which guarantees Intercytex access under certain conditions to BioLife’s HypoThermosol storage and preservation media when used in the production of Intercytex’ VAVELTA (ICX-RHY), a facial rejuvenation product and ICX-TRC, their hair regeneration product, as well as annual license fees payable to BioLife.
Intercytex Chief Executive Nick Higgins commented on the selection of BioLife’s technology and the licensing agreement: “We completed a thorough evaluation of several commercial and generic hypothermic storage and preservation media products. HypoThermosol clearly outperformed all competing alternatives, so securing long-term access to the product was a priority.”
BioLife Chief Executive Mike Rice stated: “We are extremely pleased to be providing Intercytex with key enabling technology for the commercialization of their new cell therapy products. As a growing number of companies have realized, when used as a transportation and preservation media for biologic source material and finished cell therapy products, HypoThermosol provides optimal post preservation cell viability and function. This agreement validates the diverse applications potential of our intellectual property portfolio and the benefits our products provide to the cell therapy market.
Intercytex is the leading cell therapy company focused on the restoration and regeneration of skin and hair. Intercytex is using its fully integrated cell technology platform to develop living, human cell-based products, at commercially viable scale in attractive markets. Intercytex commenced operations in 2000 and currently employs around 75 staff. In addition to its head office in Cambridge, UK, it has a GMP clinical production facility plus research and development laboratories in Manchester, UK. Additional laboratories are located in Boston, USA.
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Intercytex is asked many questions about ICX-TRC, so in response, they have created a new web-page to provide some answers.
Please note: ICX-TRC is at an early stage of its development and there are still many unknowns which will become clearer as their clinical program develops and the regulatory environment matures. The answers given below are provided by Intercytex in good faith based on current knowledge, but they are subject to change due to clinical trial results, scientific research or other factors which influence the development of new healthcare products. Therefore, anyone reading the information below is asked to do so in the same spirit and should not alter any current or future medication or hair treatment plan as a result.
Their web-site is frequently updated so please see the relevant pages for the latest information on ICX-TRC.
When this or any other info is updated an alert will be sent to everyone who has registered via their alert service, which can be found at this link: http://www.intercytex.com/icx/services/alert/
- Read more: Intercytex releases FAQ on their ICX-TRC hair cloning procedure
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Aderans Research Institute, Inc., has just been issued a patent for their bioabsorbable scaffolds. These scaffolds are used in hair cloning procedures to ensure that the cultured cells are kept in place in order for a new hair follicle to be formed.
The patent, number 7,198,641, which was initially filed on August 7, 2001 and has subsequently been revised, was finally issued on April 3, 2007.
According to the patient, the “bioabsorbable scaffolds are useful for the tissue engineering of new hair follicles and to methods for their manufacture and to methods of their use in creating new hair. More specifically it relates to new and useful bioabsorbable porous structures that have the correct architecture to facilitate culturing of the appropriate follicle progenitor cells and their development into normal, functional, hair-producing follicles. The invention also relates to methods of making and using bioabsorbable scaffolds to implant and grow new hair follicles in vitro and in vivo.”
These tiny scaffolds are essentially the key to being able to grow new hair follicles because without them the cells cannot be held together after being injected into the scalp. New hair follicles get created in a specific process that results from the interaction between different cells. If these cells cannot be held together in the same place by some mechanism, then they will simply disperse from the point of injection and no new hair follicle will be formed.
The process for using the scaffolds to grow new hair follicles goes something like this:
- Read more: New patent issued to Aderans for hair cloning technology
Intercytex recently released their annual report which includes details of their hair cloning technique dubbed ICX-TRC.
The Phase II trial of ICX-TRC, their cell therapy product for hair regeneration in male-pattern baldness, began in September 2006. The process involves taking a biopsy from the subject, separating out the relevant cells, and growing them in their facility using a proprietary process.
All biopsies from the first group of 9 patients have been taken and most of these patients have been treated. Further groups will follow to investigate variations in the delivery technique. Intercytex expect to report preliminary data from this trial around the middle of 2007.
In the Phase I trial, which had 7 subjects, there were no safety issues and 5 out of the 7 patients had an increased number of hairs after treatment. The Phase II trials have 10 patients per group and is ongoing. It is an efficacy trial designed to look for new hair growth.
Intercytex has also received a £1.8m grant from the British government to assist in the commercialization of their process.
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Newswise — A newly discovered small molecule called IQ-1 plays a key role in preventing embryonic stem cells from differentiating into one or more specific cell types, allowing them to instead continue growing and dividing indefinitely, according to research performed by a team of scientists who have recently joined the stem-cell research efforts at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California. Their findings are being published today in an early online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
This discovery takes scientists another step closer to being able to grow embryonic stem cells without the “feeder layer” of mouse fibroblast cells that is essential for maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, says the study’s primary investigator, Michael Kahn, Ph.D., who was recently named the first Provost’s Professor of Medicine and Pharmacy at USC. Such a layer is needed because it is currently the only proven method to provide the stem cells with the necessary chemical signals that prompt them to stay undifferentiated and to continue dividing over and over.
Still, growing human embryonic stem cells on a layer of mouse fibroblasts has never made much sense to the scientists forced to do just that. “Stem cells that grow on feeders are contaminated with mouse glycoproteins markers,” Kahn says.
“If you use them into humans, you’d potentially have a horrible immune response.”
- Read more: Scientists Unlock Mystery of Embryonic Stem Cell Signaling Pathway
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Researchers in Japan have just published a study where they succeeded in culturing dermal papilla cells for more than 30 passages (generations).
Usually when cells are cultured they lose their properties after only a few passages rendering them useless. Therefore being able to culture cells for more than 30 passages means that the amount of cells you can clone from a single source is significantly greater.
They were also able to induce the formation of new hair follicles by injecting these cells together with epidermal cells into mice.
Based on their study they concluded that fibroblast growth factor-2 is essential for the culturing of dermal papilla cells.
Long-Term Culture of Mouse Vibrissal Dermal Papilla Cells and De Novo Hair Follicle Induction
Tissue Eng. 2007 Mar 6
Osada A, Iwabuchi T, Kishimoto J, Hamazaki TS, Okochi H.
Department of Tissue Regeneration, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
We have succeeded in culturing dermal papilla (DP) cells long term and developed new techniques that enhance their hair follicle-inducing efficiency in a patch assay.
The outgrowing DP cells from mouse vibrissae were markedly stimulated by 10% fetal bovine serum-Dulbecco’s modified essential medium that included fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Moreover, the potency of proliferation was maintained during serial cultivations (more than 30 passages).
We combined these established DP cells with epidermal cells and implanted them subcutaneously into athymic mice to examine their hair follicle-inducing ability.
New hair follicles were induced by dissociated DP cells at earlier passages (under passage 4), but the cells from later passages could not induce follicles. We next aggregated the DP cells to form spheres and then injected them with epidermal cells. Unlike the dissociated DP cells, the spheres made from the later passaged cells (more than 10 passages) did induce new hair follicles.
We examined several genes specific for DP of anagen follicles and confirmed that their expression level was elevated in the spheres compared with their expression level in adherent DP cells.
These results suggest that FGF-2 is essential for dermal papilla cell culture and that sphere formation partially models the intact DP, resulting in hair follicle induction, even by later passaged cells.
According to an article in the Italian newspaper “La Corriere Della Sera”, two Italian plastic surgeons have created a process to create several hair follicles from one single hair follicle.
The surgeons, Prof. Pierluigi Santi and his colleague Prof. Edoardo Rapposio, claim that in about 12 days they can create ten to fifteen new growing hairs from one single hair follicle.
This technique has been attempted before where surgeons have taken a hair follicle and sliced it into two halves and both halves of the follicles have been able to successfully grow a new hair. However there have been problems with consistency with this type of procedure and it’s never been successfully marketed before.
In the latest attempt at this primitive form of hair cloning, the parts of the dissected hair follicle are soaked in a cell culture medium before being re-implanted into the scalp. It will be interesting to see what type of success this method yields. While it’s not hair cloning in its truest sense, if successful it could create hope for men who have very little hair for a conventional hair transplant.
The doctors plan on getting their procedure ISO certified and will be opening a clinic dedicated to performing this procedure in early 2008. Initially the treatment will be offered to burn victims like firefighters and later on it will be open to everyone else.
For more discussion on this topic visit http://www.hairlosshelp.com/forums/messageview.cfm?catid=10&threadid=65455
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Many older people suffer from dry skin, particularly on their lower legs, elbows, and forearms. The skin feels rough and scaly and often is accompanied by a distressing, intense itchiness. Low humidity — caused by overheating during the winter and air conditioning during the summer — contributes to dryness and itching. The loss of sweat and oil glands as you age also may worsen dry skin. Anything that further dries your skin — such as overuse of soaps, antiperspirants, perfumes, or hot baths — will make the problem worse. Dehydration, sun exposure, smoking, and stress also may cause dry skin.
Dry skin itches because it is irritated easily. If your skin is very dry and itchy, see a doctor. Dry skin and itching can affect your sleep, cause irritability, or be a symptom of a disease. For example, diabetes and kidney disease can cause itching. Some medicines make the itchiness worse.
The most common treatment for dry skin is the use of moisturizers to reduce water loss and soothe the skin. Moisturizers come in several forms — ointments, creams, and lotions. Ointments are mixtures of water in oil, usually either lanolin or petrolatum. Creams are preparations of oil in water, which is the main ingredient. Creams must be applied more often than ointments to be most effective. Lotions contain powder crystals dissolved in water, again the main ingredient. Because of their high water content, they feel cool on the skin and don’t leave the skin feeling greasy. Although they are easy to apply and may be more pleasing than ointments and creams, lotions don’t have the same protective qualities. You may need to apply them frequently to relieve the signs and symptoms of dryness. Moisturizers should be used indefinitely to prevent recurrence of dry skin.A humidifier can add moisture to the air. Bathing less often and using milder soaps also can help relieve dry skin. Warm water is less irritating to dry skin than hot water. If a patient has this type of problem they should be evaluated by a Board Certfied Dermatologist to make sure they are getting the proper therapy and also if it is not associated with something more serious. Please enjoy our new updated medical dictionary. If you have any questions please contact us at our NYC Dermatology office in Manhattan, New York.
Dermatology Dictionary
acne /ac·ne/ (ak´ne) an inflammatory disease of the skin; often specifically, acne vulgaris
bromide acne an acneiform eruption without comedones, one of the most constant symptoms of brominism.
common acne acne vulgaris
acne congloba´ta , conglobate acne severe acne with many comedones, marked by suppuration, cysts, sinuses, and scarring.
acne cosme´tica a persistent, low-grade acne usually affecting the chin and cheeks of a woman who uses cosmetics.
acne deter´gicans aggravation of existing acne lesions by too frequent and too severe washing with comedogenic soaps and rough cloths or pads.
acne ful´minans a rare form affecting teenage males, marked by sudden onset of fever and eruption of highly inflammatory, tender, ulcerative, and crusted lesions on the back, chest, and face.
halogen acne an acneiform eruption from ingestion of the simple salts of bromine and iodine present in cold remedies, sedatives, analgesics, and vitamins.
acne indura´ta a progression of papular acne, with deep-seated and destructive lesions that may produce severe scarring.
acne keloid development of persistent hard follicular plaques along the posterior hairline of the scalp that fuse to form a thick, sclerotic, hypertrophic, pseudokeloidal band across the occiput.
acne mecha´nica , mechanical acne aggravation of existing acne lesions by mechanical factors such as rubbing or stretching, as by chin straps, clothing, back packs, casts, and seats.
acne necro´tica milia´ris a rare and chronic form of folliculitis of the scalp, occurring principally in adults, with formation of tiny superficial pustules which are destroyed by scratching; see also a. variolformis
acne papulo´sa acne vulgaris with the formation of papules.
pomade acne acne vulgaris in blacks who groom their scalp and facial hair with greasy lubricants, marked by closed comedones on the forehead, temples, cheeks, and chin.
premenstrual acne acne of a cyclic nature, appearing shortly before (rarely after) the onset of menses.
acne rosa´cea rosacea.
tropical acne , acne tropica´lis a severe and extensive form of acne occurring in hot, humid climates, with nodular, cystic, and pustular lesions chiefly on the back, buttocks, and thighs; conglobate abscesses frequently form, especially on the back.
acne variolifor´mis a rare condition with reddish-brown, papulopustular umbilicated lesions, usually on the brow and scalp; probably a deep variant of a. necrotica miliaris.
acne venena´ta acne produced by contact with a great variety of acnegenic chemicals, including those used in cosmetics and grooming agents and in industry.
acne vulga´ris chronic acne, usually occurring in adolescence, with comedones, papules, nodules, and pustules on the face, neck, and upper part of the trunkk.
Dictionary
adenomatous polyp: A polyp that consists of benign neoplastic tissue derived from glandular epithelium.
adjuvant thisapy (AD-joo-vant): Treatment given after the primary treatment to increase the chances of a cure. Adjuvant thisapy may include chemothisapy, radiation thisapy, or hormone thisapy.
androgens: class of sex hormones associated with the development and maintenance of the secondary male sex characteristics, sperm induction, and sexual differentiation. In addition to increasing virility and libido, they also increase nitrogen and water retention and stimulate skeletal growth. Hormones that stimulate sebaceous glands in addition to othis effects on the body. Present in both males and females, androgens are responsible for physical maturation in males and thisefore occur in much highis levels in males. Males tend to have more severe acne than females.
anaemia too few red blood cells in the bloodstream, resulting in insufficient oxygen to tissues and organs.
aneurusmaScienceDirect - The Lancet : Abdominal aortic aneurusma | derives from the Greek αν var epsilon υρυσμα (aneurusma), meaning widening, and can be defined as a permanent and irreversible localised |
anevrisse Motî:anevrisse - Wikipedia-A localized, pathological, blood-filled dilatation of a blood vessel caused by a disease or weakening of the vessel's wall.
angina pectoris ("angina"): a recurring pain or discomfort in the chest that happens when some part of the heart does not receive enough blood.NSF - OLPA - PR 00-47: New Test For Presence of Nitric Oxide Could ...
... It is used extensively in medical treatment; for example, nitroglycerin ameliorates
the pain of angina by supplying nitric oxide to the blood vessels that ...
ankulōsis stiffening of the joints, to crook, bend, from ankulos, crooked, bent stiffening of a joint as the result of such abnormal fusion
antibodies: Part of the immune system that fights disease.
Aphthous Ulcers: a sore on the mouth that could be associated with Crohn's disease.
areola (a-REE-o-la): Area of dark-colored skin on the breast that surrounds the nipple.
aspirate (AS-pi-rit): Fluid withdrawn from a lump, cyst, or a nipple.
arrhuthmia any variation from the normal rhythm in the heartbeat. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrythmia http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arruthmia
arthrōsis An articulation or a joint between bones.List
atypical hyperplasia (hy-per-PLAY-zha): A benign (noncancerous) condition in which cells have abnormal features and are increased in number.
autologous bone marrow transplantation (aw-TAHL-o-gus): A procedure in which bone marrow is removed from a person, stored, and then given back to the person after intensive treatment.
axilla (ak-SIL-a): the underarm .
axillary (AK-sil-air-ee): Pertaining to the armpit area, including the lymph nodes that are located thise.
axillary lymph node dissection: Surgery to remove lymph nodes found in the axilla region. Also called axillary dissection.
bacteria: Germs that cause human disease.
.Barium enema: A series of x-rays of the lower intestine (colon) and rectum that are taken after the patient is given an enema with a white, chalky solution that contains barium. The barium outlines the intestines on the x-rays. These x-rays permit the detection of colon and rectal abnormalities including diverticulosis, diverticulitis, abnormal colon movement, dilation (widening) of the colon, polyps and cancers of the colon and rectum.
Barrett’s Esophagus: A disorder in which the lining of the oesophagus undergoes cellular changes in response to chronic irritation and inflammation of reflux oesophagitis. This condition is more common in men than women. The patient with Barrett's oesophagus is at an increased risk of developing cancer of the oesophagus.
benign (beh-NINE): Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to othis parts of the body.
biological thisapy (by-o-LAHJ-i-kul): Treatment to stimulate or restore the ability of the immune system to fight infection and disease. Also used to lessen side effects that may be caused by some cancer treatments. Also known as immunothisapy, biothisapy, or biological response modifier (BRM) thisapy.
biopsy (BY-op-see): The removal of cells or tisdermises for examination under a microscope. When only a sample of tissue is removed, the procedure is called an incisional biopsy or core biopsy. When an entire tumor or lesion is removed, the procedure is called an excisional biopsy. When a sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle, the procedure is called a needle biopsy or fine-needle aspiration.
blackhead: open comedo with black center
Bone marrow: The soft, spongy tissue found in the centre of most large bones that produces the cellular components of blood: white cells, red cells and platelets (haemopoiesis). It is also the most radiation sensitive tissue of the body. What is leukemia? .
breast reconstruction: Surgical process to rebuild a breast's shape after a mastectomy.
breast-conserving surgery: An operation to remove the breast cancer but not the breast itself. Types of breast-conserving surgery include lumpectomy (removal of the lump), quadrantectomy (removal of one quarter of the breast), and segmental mastectomy (removal of the cancer as well as some of the breast tissue around the tumor and the lining over the chest muscles below the tumor).
cancer: .uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells. Cancer cells can spread locally or through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body.
carcinoma (kar-sin-O-ma): Cancer that begins in the skin or in tisdermises that line or cover internal organs.
chemothisapy (kee-mo-This-a-pee): Treatment with anticancer drugs Apple - Science - Profiles - Apple Bioinformatics Award Winners ...
Chrohn’s Disease: an inflammatory and ulcerative process that occurs in the deep layers of the small and sometimes large intestine.
chronic hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver that lasts at least six months or longer.
cirrhosis: Scar in the liver caused by previous inflammation. could lead to liver failure.
clinical trial: A study of research that examines how well new medical treatments or othis interventions work with people. The study tests new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease.
closed comedo: whitehead with a white center.
colon: large intestine.
colony-stimulating factors: Substances that stimulate the production of blood cells. Colony-stimulating factors include granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (also called G-CSF and filgrastim), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (also called GM-CSF and sargramostim), and promegapoietin.
colonoscopy: . Colonoscopy: A procedure in which a long flexible viewing tube (a colonoscope) is threaded up through the rectum for the purpose of inspecting the entire colon and rectum and, if there is an abnormality, taking a biopsy of it or removing it. The colonoscopy procedure requires a thorough bowel cleansing to assure a clear view of the lining. Called also coloscopy
colostomy: A surgical procedure that creates an opening from the colon through the abdominal wall for waste material to move out of the body.
cyst (sist): A hollow sac or capsule inundated with fluid.
cystic: (see nodule)
dermatologic surgery: Surgical treatment for diseases and disorders of the skin.
diabetes mellitus (di"ah-BE'teez or di"ah-BE'tis meh-LI'tis): Relative or absolute lack of insulin leading to uncontrolled carbohydrate metabolism. In juvenile onset diabetes (that may be an autoimmune response to pancreatic _ cells) the insulin deficiency tends to be almost total, whereas in adult onset diabetes there seems to be no immunological component but an association with obesity.
digital rectal examination: patient is placed in a position where the anus is accessible and relaxed (lying on the side, squatting on the examination table, bent over the examination table, etc). The physician inserts a gloved and lubricated finger into the rectum through the anus and palpates the insides.
duct (dukt): tubular structure through which body fluids pass.
ductal carcinoma in situ (DUK-tal kar-sin-O-ma in SYE-too): DCIS. Abnormal cells that involve only the lining of a duct. The cells have not spread outside the duct to othis tissues in the breast. Also called intraductal carcinoma.
duodenum: Former part of the small intestine.
endoscopy: A procedure in which the doctor inserts a small flexible tube-an endoscope-through the mouth, down the esophagus, and into the stomach and duodenum. The doctor can look through the endoscope to determine the presence of diseaseApple - Science - Profile - Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Hospital, p ...
... was seeing these beautiful HD images live and in real time on the endoscope screen, then having to show them to surgeons and medical doctors in still-frame SD ...
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: Abbreviated ERCP. A procedure done to diagnose and treat problems in the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas, including gallstones, inflammatory strictures (scars), leaks (from trauma and surgery), and cancer. ERCP combines the use of x-rays and an endoscope (a long, flexible, lighted tube). Through it, the physician can see the inside of the stomach and duodenum and inject dye into the bile ducts and pancreas so they can be seen on x-ray. ERCP takes 30 minutes to 2 hours. Possible complications of ERCP include pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), infection, bleeding, and perforation of the duodenum
estrogens (ES-tro-jins): group of steroid compounds, named for their importance in the estrous cycle, and functioning as the primary female sex hormone. - female sex characteristics.
esophagus: A tubular shaped organ leading from the mouth to the stomach.
fecal occult blood test (FOBT): Fecal occult blood tests are special chemical tests performed on the stool samples to detect the presence of "occult blood." These tests are usually begun at age 40 and then performed annually, accompanied by a digital rectal examination by a doctor. Fecal occult blood tests are based on the observation that slow bleeding from colon polyps or cancers can cause chronic blood loss from the colon (sometimes causing iron deficiency anemia). Such bleeding are often not visible (occult) to the naked eye. Therefore, sensitive chemical tests are developed to detect blood traces in stool.
fine-needle aspiration: The removal of tisdermis or fluid with a needle for examination under a microscope. Also called needle biopsy.
fistulas: an abnormal passage leading from the colon to othis organs in the lower abdominal cavity.
follicle: The tiny shaft in the skin through which a hair grows, and sebum is excreted from sebaceous glands to the surface of the skin.
fundoplication: Surgical procedure that reduces reflux.Nissen Fundoplication
gastritis: Inflammation of the inside lining of the stomach.
gastric bypass: A surgical procedure which may be done for severe obesity. The procedure involves cutting the stomach in two to create a pouch out of the smaller proximal (near) portion of the stomach, attaching it to the small intestine, bypassing a large part of the stomach and all of the duodenum. The procedure may help with weight loss because the stomach pouch is too small to hold much food and skipping the duodenum reduces the absorption of fat which is rich in calories. The procedure may be done by laparoscopy. Also called a Roux-en-Y anastomosis or Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. http://www.apple.com/education/profiles/columbia/index2.html
gene: The functional and physical unit of hisedity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein.
GERD: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Frequent or regular back-up of stomach juices from the stomach into the esophagus.
gignōskein discernment, from diagignōskein, to distinguish : dia-, apart;
see dia– + gnō-, to come to know, discern.]
heartburn: Acid indigestion. A symptom of gastroesophageal reflux.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori): The name of the bacterium that causes disease (gastritis and ulcers) in humans.
hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver.
hiseditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer: A special kind of inhisited colon cancer characterized by having many family members with CRC.
hiatal hisnia: - Pushing up of the stomach into the chest cavity through a hole in a diaphragm.
hormones:is a chemical messenger from one cell (or group of cells) to another. All multicellular organisms produce hormones Chemical mediators produced by the body that, depending on the hormone, govern many body processes. Certain hormones cause physical maturation during puberty. These are the ones implicated in acne vulargaris.
hormonal thisapy: Treatment that removes, blocks, or adds hormones. Also called endocrine thisapy, hormone thisapy, or hormone treatment.
hormone receptor test: A test to measure the amount of certain proteins, called hormone receptors, in cancer tisdermis. Hormones can attach to these proteins. A high level of hormone receptors may mean that hormones help the cancer grow.
hormone replacement thisapy: HRT. Hormones (estrogen, progesterone, or both) given to postmenopausal women or women who have had their ovaries removed, to replace the estrogen no longer produced by the ovaries.
hormones: Chemicals produced by glands in the body and circulated in the bloodstream. Hormones control the actions of certain cells or organs.
hysterectomy (hiss-ter-EK-toe-mee): A surgical operation in which the uterus is removed.
ileocolitis: a common form of Crohn’s disease that affects the lower portion of the small intestine and the first portion of the colon called the ileum.
ileum: the ultimate portion of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine.
immune system: the body’s defensive system that fights against disease.
incision (in-SIH-zhun): A cut made to the body to perform surgery.
infertility: The inability to have offspring.
inflammation: A response to tisdermis injury that can cause redness, swelling, and pain.
inflammatory: A word that means "causing inflammation." In acne, "inflammatory" is usually used to describe lesions that are inflamed by chemical reactions or bacteria in clogged follicles.
inflammatory breast cancer: A type of breast cancer in which the breast looks red and swollen and feels warm. The skin of the breast may also show the pitted appearance called peau d'orange (like the skin of an orange). The redness and warmth occur because the cancer cells block the lymph vessels in the skin.
invasive cancer: Cancer that has spread beyond the layer of tisdermis in which it developed and is growing into surrounding, healthy tissues. Also called infiltrating cancer.
jaundice: also known as icterus (attributive adjective: "icteric"), is a yellowing of the skin, conjunctiva (clear covering over the sclera, or whites of the eyes) and mucous membranes caused by increased levels of bilirubin in red blooded animals
jejunum: the mid portion of the small intestine.
Kidney: One of a pair of organs located in the right and left side of the abdomen which clear "poisons" from the blood, regulate acid concentration and maintain water balance in the body by excreting urine. The kidneys are part of the urinary tract. The urine then passes through connecting tubes called "ureters" into the bladder. The bladder stores the urine until it is released during urinationnsf.gov - Social and Economic Sciences (SES) Discoveries - Kidney ... Discovery Kidney Exchange: A Life-Saving Application of Matching Theory. Economistshelp build a kidney exchange system that saves lives. ...
large intestine: also known as the colon. Primary function is to absorb water and get rid of solid waste.
laryngitis: Inflammatory process of the vocal cords. This can cause loss of speech or hoarseness.
lipids: Oily substances that include fats, oils and waxes. Sebum is made up of lipids. A particular kind of lipid, free fatty acids, are irritating to the skin.
liver biopsy: A procedure by which a needle is used to remove a small piece of liver to be analyzed under a microscope. This procedure may be done to confirm a diagnosis of hepatitis and determine the degree of damage that has occurred. The Emergence of Tissue Engineering as a Research Field
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lobe: A portion of an organ, such as the lung, liver, breast, or brain.
lobular carcinoma in situ (LOB-yoo-lar kar-sin-O-ma in SYE-too): LCIS. Abnormal cells found in the lobules of the breast. This condition seldom becomes invasive cancer; however, having lobular carcinoma in situ increases one's risk of developing breast cancer in eithis breast.
lobule (LOB-yule): A small lobe or subdivision of a lobe.
local thisapy: Treatment that affects cells in the tumor and the area around it..
lower esophageal sphincter: Muscle that opens to let food pass into the stomach and closes to stop stomach juices from backing up into the esophagus.
lumpectomy (lump-EK-toe-mee): Surgery to remove the tumor and a small amount of normal tissue around it.
lymph (limf): The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. Also called lymphatic fluid.
lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tisdermises that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph).
lymphatic system (lim-FAT-ik): The tisdermises and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infection and othis diseases. This system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and network of thin tubes that carry lymph and white blood cells. These tubes branch, like blood vessels, into all the tissues of the body.
lymphedema (LIMF-eh-DEE-ma): A condition in which extra fluid collects in tisdermis and causes swelling. It may occur in the arm or leg after lymph vessels or lymph nodes in the underarm or groin are removed or treated with radiation.
magnetic resonance imaging (mag-NET-ik REZ-o-nans IM-a-jing): MRI. A procedure in which a magnet linked to a computer is used to create detailed pictures of areas inside the body. Also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
malnutrition: body does not have enough calories, vitamins, and minerals to maintain growth and health.
malignant (ma-LIG-nant): Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tisdermis and spread to othis parts of the body.
mammogram (MAM-o-gram): An x-ray picture of the breast.
mammography (mam-OG-ra-fee): Use of x-rays to create a picture of the breast.
mastectomy (mas-TEK-toe-mee): Surgical Removal of the breast(or as much of the breast tissue as possible).
medical oncologist (on-KOL-o-jist): A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer using chemothisapy, hormonal thisapy, and biological thisapy. A medical oncologist often serves as the main caretaker of someone who has cancer and coordinates treatment provided by othis specialists.
menopause (MEN-o-pawz): The time of life when a woman's menstrual periods stop permanently. Also called "change of life."
menstrual cycle (MEN-stroo-al): The monthly cycle of hormonal changes from the beginning of one menstrual period to the beginning of the next.
menstruation: monthly discharge of blood and tissue from the uterus. Until menopause, menstruation occurs approximately every 28 days when a woman is not pregnant.
metastasis (meh-TAS-ta-sis): The spread of cancer from one part of the body to anothis. Tumors formed from cells that have spread are called "secondary tumors" and contain cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. The plural is metastases (meh-TAS-ta-seez).
microcalcifications (MY-krow-kal-si-fi-KAY-shunz): Tiny deposits of calcium in the breast that cannot be felt but can be detected on a mammogram. A cluster of these very small specks of calcium may indicate that cancer is present.
microcomedo: The first stage of comedo formation; a comedo so small that it can be seen only with a microscope.
modified radical mastectomy (mas-TEK-toe-mee): Surgery for breast cancer in which the breast, some of the lymph nodes under the arm, the lining over the chest muscles, and sometimes part of the chest wall muscles are removed.
monoclonal antibodies (MAH-no-KLO-nul AN-tih-BAH-deez): Laboratory-produced substances that can locate and bind to cancer cells whisever they are in the body. Many monoclonal antibodies are used in cancer detection or thisapy; each one recognizes a different protein on certain cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies can be used alone, or they can be used to deliver drugs, toxins, or radioactive material directly to a tumor.
neoadjuvant thisapy: Treatment given before the primary treatment. Neoadjuvant thisapy can be chemothisapy, radiation thisapy, or hormone thisapy.
nipple discharge: Fluid extravasating from the nipple.
nodule: The most severe form of acne lesion, a nodule is a large, deep-seated, pus-filled, often painful lump. Acne with nodules often results in permanent scarring and requires treatment by a physician. Sometimes called an acne "cyst."
noninflammatory: In acne, comedones that are not associated with redness in the skin.
open comedo: (A blackhead) A noninflammatory comedo with a dark top and firmly packed contents.
ovaries (O-va-reez): The pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed. The ovaries are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus.
Pacemaker: A system that sends electrical impulses to the heart in order to set the heart rhythm. The pacemaker can be the normal "natural" pacemaker of the heart or it can be an electronic Th'alatel.
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papule: An inflammatory comedo that resembles a small, red bump on the skin.
papulopustular: acne comprised of papules and pustules.
pathologist (pa-THOL-o-jist): A doctor who identifies diseases by studying cells and tisdermises using a microscope.
peptic: A description relating to digestion.
periphisal stem cell transplantation (per-IF-er-al): A method of replacing blood-forming cells destroyed by cancer treatment. Immature blood cells (stem cells) in the circulating blood that are similar to those in the bone marrow are given after treatment to help the bone marrow recover and continue producing healthy blood cells. Transplantation may be autologous (an individual's own blood cells saved earlier), allogeneic (blood cells donated by someone else), or syngeneic (blood cells donated by an identical twin). Also called periphisal stem cell support.
pilgarlic One who has lost his hair by disease; a sneaking fellow, or one who is hardly used.
plastic surgeon: A surgeon who specializes in reducing scarring or disfigurement that may occur as a result of accidents, birth defects, or treatment for diseases.
polyp: Growth, usually benign, protruding from a mucous membrane.
polyposis: disease where the colon is lined with many polyps.
positron emission tomography scan: PET scan. A computerized image of the metabolic activity of body tisdermis used to determine the presence of disease.
proctitis: inflammatory process of the rectum.
progesterone (pro-JES-ter-own): female hormone.
prostate cancer: Cancer of the gland that produces some of the components of semen fluid. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death of males in the U.S. Prostate cancer is often first detected as a hard nodule during a routine rectal examination. The PSA blood test is a screening test for prostate cancer. Diagnosis of prostate cancer is established when cancer cells are identified in prostate tissue obtained by a biopsy. In some patients, prostate cancer is life threatening. In many others, prostate cancer can exist for years without causing any health problems. Treatment options for prostate cancer include observation, radiation therapy, surgery, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy.
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes): A normal resident on the skin, P. acnes will multiply rapidly in clogged hair follicles whise sebum is trapped. prosthesis (pros-THEE-sis): An artificial replacement of a part of the body.
puberty:The period during which the secondary sex characteristics begin to develop and the capability of sexual reproduction is attained.
pustule: An inflammatory comedo that resembles a whitehead with a ring of redness around it.
radiation oncologist (ray-dee-AY-shun on-KOL-o-jist): A doctor who specializes in using radiation to treat cancer.
radiation thisapy (ray-dee-AY-shun): The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, and othis sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation thisapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body in the area near cancer cells (internal radiation thisapy, implant radiation, or brachythisapy). Systemic radiation thisapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Also called radiothisapy.
radical mastectomy (RAD-ih-kal mas-TEK-toe-mee): Surgery for breast cancer in which the breast, chest muscles, and all of the lymph nodes under the arm are removed. For many years, this was the operation most used, but it is used now only when the tumor has spread to the chest muscles. Also called the Halsted radical mastectomy.
rectum: last part of the colon.
reflux: Backing up of the stomach contents from the stomach to the esophagus.
risk factor: factor that increases a person's chance of developing a disease, including a substance, agent, genetic abnormality, trait, habit, or condition.
screening: Checking for disease when thise are no symptoms.
sebaceous glands: secrete an oily substance called sebum (Latin, meaning fat or tallow) that is made of fat (lipids) and the debris of dead fat-producing cells. In the glands, sebum is produced within specialized cells and is released as these cells burst; sebaceous glands are thus classified as holocrine glands.
sebum: The oily substance produced by sebaceous glands.
segmental mastectomy (mas-TEK-toe-mee): The removal of a cancer as well as some of the breast tissue around the tumor and the lining over the chest muscles below the tumor. Usually some of the lymph nodes under the arm are also taken out. Sometimes called partial mastectomy.
sentinel lymph node biopsy: Procedure in which a dye or radioactive substance is injected near the tumor and flows into the sentinel lymph nodes(s) (the first lymph node(s) that cancer is likely to spread to from the primary tumor). A surgeon then looks for the dye or uses a scanner to find the sentinel lymph node(s) and removes it (or them) to check for the presence of tumor cells.
Sigmoidoscopy, flexible: Inspection of the inside of the rectum and lower part of the colon using a thin flexible lighted tube (a flexible sigmoidoscope). This procedure may be done to find the cause of diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, intestinal bleeding or look for polyps or cancer. With flexible sigmoidoscopy, the physician can see bleeding, inflammation, abnormal growths, and ulcers in the descending colon and rectum. Flexible sigmoidoscopy is not sufficient to detect polyps, cancer, or other abnormalities in the ascending or transverse colon (two-thirds of the colon).
small intestine: Connects to the stomach and large intestine. Absorbs nutrients.
stage: The extent of a cancer within the body, especially whethis the disease has spread from the original site to othis parts of the body.
stomach: A pouch-like organ that connects the esophagus to the small intestine. It receives swallowed food and secretes juices high in acid to break down food.
stricture: closure or obstruction of the intestine.
surgery: A procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out whethis disease is present. An operation.Apple - Education - Columbia University, College of Physicians and ...
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systemic (sis-TEM-ik): Affecting the entire body
Th'alatel - a device for the heart (Halkomelem, Canada)
tisdermis (TISH-oo): A group or layer of cells that are alike and that work togethis to perform a specific function.
total mastectomy (mas-TEK-toe-mee): Removal of the breast. Also called simple mastectomy.
tumor (TOO-mer): An abnormal mass of tisdermis that results from excessive cell division. Tumors perform no useful body function. They may be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
ulcer: A sore or wound in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.
ultrasonography (UL-tra-son-OG-ra-fee): A procedure in which sound waves (called ultrasound) are bounced off tisdermis and the echoes produce a picture (sonogram).
white blood cells: Parts of the blood that help fight off infections.haematology> White corpuscles in the blood. They are spherical, colourless and nucleated masses involved with host defenses.
whitehead: A closed comedo.
x-ray: A type of irradiation used for imaging purposes that uses energy beams of very short wavelengths (0.1 to 1000 angstroms) that can penetrate most substances except heavy metals. This is the commonest form of imaging technique used in clinical practice everywhere in the world with the image captured on photographic film. An AP film is when the beams pass from front-to-back (anteroposterior) and is used for mobile film, particularly on the ward or in casualty. This is the oposite to a PA film (posteroanterior) in which the rays pass through the body from back-to-front. Most films taken in the main radiology department are PA.
Dermatology Dictionary
Related entries include: acne; acne rosacea; acne vulgaris; acquired leukoderma; acquired leukopathia; acrochordon; acrocyanosis; acrokeratosis verruciformis; actinic keratosis; age spot; albinism; albino; alopecia; alopecia areata; amiantaceous; anaphylactoid purpura; angioma; annular; aphtha; argyria; Arthus reaction; athlete's foot; atopic; atopic dermatitis; atopic eczema; atypical nevi; bedsore; birthmark; blood blister; blue naevus; Bouffardi's black mycetoma; Bouffardi's white mycetoma; bristle; bullous pemphigoid; cafe-au-lait spot; calcinosis; calcinosis universalis; capillary haemangioma; cavernous haemangioma; cellulitis; Celsus' area; Celsus' vitiligo; chiggers; chloasma; cholesteatoma; cold sore; comose; contusion; corticosteroid-induced striae; corymbiform; corymbose syphilid; cosmetic dermatitis; cradle cap; cutaneous; cutaneous larva migrans; cystic acne; dandruff; decubital gangrene; decubitus ulcer; depigmentation; dermatitis herpetiformis; dermatomycosis; dermatophytosis; dermatosis; dermis; dermographia; desquamation; down; downy; drug-induced lupus; ecchymosis; eccrine; eccrine gland; echinococcus; eczema; Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; electrolysis; enanthema; epidermis; eruption; erysipelas; erythema; erythema infectiosum; erythema marginatum; erythema multiforme; erythema nodosum; erythrasma; eschar; exanthema; exanthem subitum; exfoliate; false membrane; favus; female pattern baldness; fever blister; filariasis; follicle; follicular impetigo; follicular mucinosis; follicular papule; folliculitis; foot ulcer; foot yaws; freckle; furuncle; furunculosis; ganglion cyst; ganglioneuroma; giant cell granuloma; giant hairy nevus; gnathostomiasis; granuloma annulare; granuloma endemicum; granuloma faciale; haemangioma; haematidrosis; hair follicle; hairy leukoplakia; hard chancre; hard ulcer; harelip; Henoch-Schonlein purpura; herpes; herpetic whitlow; hidradenitis; hirsute; hirsutism; hives; hypodermis; ichthyosis; impetigo; induration; intertrigo; juvenile elastoma; keloid; keratoses; keratosis; koplik spot; lentigo; lichenification; livedo; livedoid; livedoid dermatitis; livedo reticularis; livedo reticularis idiopathica; livedo reticularis symptomatica; livedo telangiectatica; livedo vasculitis; lymphoedema; macula; macule; maculopapular; malum perforans pedis; minimal deviation melanoma; mole; molluscum contagiosum; mongolian spot; mucocutaneous; naevus; neurodermatitis; nevi; nummular eczema; papule; paronychia; pediculosis; pemphigus; phagedenic ulcer; phlegmon; photosensitisation; photosensitive rash; photosensitivity; piloerection; pityriasis; polyonychia; polypapilloma; postpartum alopecia; ppd test; pseudofolliculitis; pseudoxanthoma elasticum; psoriasis; puberulent; puberulous; punctate; puncticulate; purpura; pustular; pustulate; pustulate hair; pyoderma; rash; Raynaud's phenomenon; rete ridges; rhagades; rhinoscleroma; rose growers granuloma; rosette; scabies; sclerodactyly; scleroderma; seborrheic dermatitis; seborrhoea; shingles; skin tags; soft corn; sporothrix granuloma; sporotrichosis; squamous cell; striae; subungual haematoma; syphilitic ulcer; tinea capitis; tropical acne; tropical boil; tropical eczema; tularaemic chancre; ulcer; ulcus venereum; urticaria; vaccinia; venereal wart; verrucose; verruculose; vitiligo; wart; whitlow; xanthoma; xanthomatosis; Any Questions please email us at nycdermatologist@aol.com or call our NYC office at NYC Dermatology by Board Certified Dermatologist Dr. Gary Rothfeld. Our NYC office is located off Park Avenue at 30 East 60th Street Suite 805 in Manhattan, New York 10022. Our phone number is 212 -644-9494.
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